{"id":14656,"date":"2025-10-10T09:46:44","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T06:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/?p=14656"},"modified":"2025-10-10T09:46:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T06:46:44","slug":"linux-temel-terminal-komutlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/linux-temel-terminal-komutlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux Temel Terminal Komutlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>GNU\/Linux, i\u015fletim sistemlerinde terminal sistem y\u00f6netimi ve dosya i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131m\u0131zda en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan temel terminal komutlar\u0131n\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6rnek kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca GNU\/Linux dizin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>Temel Terminal Komutlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da sizler i\u00e7in GNU\/Linux terminalinde s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan temel komutlar a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ve \u00f6rnekleriyle listelenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Komut<\/th>\n<th>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/th>\n<th>\u00d6rnek<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>cd<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dizin de\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/td>\n<td><code>cd \/home\/kullanici\/dosyalar<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>ls<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dizin i\u00e7eri\u011fini listeleme<\/td>\n<td><code>ls -l \/home\/kullanici<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>mkdir<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Yeni dizin olu\u015fturma<\/td>\n<td><code>mkdir belgeler<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>rmdir<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Bo\u015f dizin silme<\/td>\n<td><code>rmdir eski_dizin<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>pwd<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Mevcut dizini g\u00f6sterme<\/td>\n<td><code>pwd<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>rm<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dosya veya dizin silme<\/td>\n<td><code>rm dosya.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>cp<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dosya kopyalama<\/td>\n<td><code>cp dosya.txt dosya_yedek.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>mv<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dosya veya dizin ta\u015f\u0131ma\/yeniden adland\u0131rma<\/td>\n<td><code>mv dosya.txt \/home\/kullanici\/yeni_dosya.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>cat<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/td>\n<td><code>cat \/etc\/hostname<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>echo<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Metni standart \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ya yazd\u0131rma<\/td>\n<td><code>echo \"Merhaba, D\u00fcnya!\"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>du<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dosya veya dizin boyutunu g\u00f6sterme<\/td>\n<td><code>du -sh \/home\/kullanici<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>touch<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Bo\u015f dosya olu\u015fturma veya dosya zaman damgas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelleme<\/td>\n<td><code>touch yeni_dosya.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>head<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dosyan\u0131n ilk sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterme (varsay\u0131lan 10 sat\u0131r)<\/td>\n<td><code>head \/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>tail<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dosyan\u0131n son sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterme (varsay\u0131lan 10 sat\u0131r)<\/td>\n<td><code>tail \/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>less<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fini sayfa sayfa g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/td>\n<td><code>less \/etc\/services<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Bu komutlar GNU\/Linux terminalinin yaln\u0131zca bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kapsasa da, g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015flemler i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Komutlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc birbirleriyle uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmelerinden ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da parametre alabilmelerinden gelir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>ls -l<\/code> komutu dosya ve dizinleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 listelerken, <code>ls -a<\/code> gizli dosyalar\u0131 da g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<h2>Komutlar Hakk\u0131nda Daha Fazla Bilgi Edinme<\/h2>\n<p>GNU\/Linux komutlar\u0131n\u0131n detayl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve parametreleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak i\u00e7in <code>man<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n<pre><code>man ls<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, <code>ls<\/code> komutunun kullan\u0131m k\u0131lavuzunu (manual) a\u00e7ar. Manual sayfalar\u0131, komutlar\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00f6zelliklerini ve se\u00e7eneklerini detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klar. Ayr\u0131ca bu k\u0131lavuzlara \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak da eri\u015febilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>ls<\/code> komutunun k\u0131lavuzuna \u015fu adresten ula\u015fabilirsiniz: <a href=\"http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man1\/ls.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man1\/ls.1.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>GNU\/Linux Dizin Yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Anlama<\/h2>\n<p>GNU\/Linux\u2019ta dizin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, terminal kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Dizinler, hiyerar\u015fik bir yap\u0131da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir ve dizin yollar\u0131 mutlak veya g\u00f6reli olarak ifade edilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mutlak Yol<\/strong>: K\u00f6k dizinden (<code>\/<\/code>) ba\u015flayan tam bir yol tan\u0131mlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>\/home\/kullanici\/belgeler<\/code> mutlak bir yoldur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00f6reli Yol<\/strong>: Mevcut dizine g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>belgeler\/dosya.txt<\/code> mevcut dizinin alt\u0131nda bir <code>belgeler<\/code> klas\u00f6r\u00fc ve i\u00e7inde <code>dosya.txt<\/code> arar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00d6nemli Dizin K\u0131sayollar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><code>.<\/code><\/strong>: Mevcut dizini temsil eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir dosyay\u0131 mevcut dizine kopyalamak i\u00e7in:\n<pre><code>cp \/etc\/hostname .<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>..<\/code><\/strong>: Bir \u00fcst dizini temsil eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u00fcst dizine gitmek i\u00e7in:\n<pre><code>cd ..<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0130ki \u00fcst dizine \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code>cd ..\/..<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>G\u00f6reli ve Mutlak Yol Fark\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>G\u00f6reli yollar mevcut dizine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>cp dosya.txt yedek.txt<\/code> komutu, <code>dosya.txt<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 mevcut dizinde arar ve ayn\u0131 dizinde <code>yedek.txt<\/code> olu\u015fturur. Ancak, <code>\/etc\/dosya.txt<\/code> gibi mutlak bir yol, dosyan\u0131n tam konumunu belirtir ve mevcut dizinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve P\u00fcf Noktalar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Komut Birle\u015ftirme<\/strong>: GNU\/Linux komutlar\u0131, boru (<code>|<\/code>) operat\u00f6r\u00fc ile birle\u015ftirilebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini sayfa sayfa g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in:\n<pre><code>cat \/etc\/passwd | less<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u0131sayollar<\/strong>: Terminalde <code>Tab<\/code> tu\u015fu, komut ve dosya isimlerini otomatik tamamlar, b\u00f6ylece yazma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f Komutlar<\/strong>: <code>history<\/code> komutu, daha \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z komutlar\u0131 listeler. Tekrar kullanmak i\u00e7in <code>!numara<\/code> yazabilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>!42<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki komutlar ve dizin yap\u0131s\u0131 bilgileri GNU\/Linux terminalinde temel i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 sunar. Terminalde ustala\u015fmak komutlar\u0131n parametrelerini \u00f6\u011frenmek ve bunlar\u0131 birle\u015ftirmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in <code>man<\/code> komutunu kullanmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n ve pratik yaparak terminal becerilerinizi geli\u015ftirin! Daha fazla <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/sunucu\/vds-sunucu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Linux Sunucu<\/a> yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in blog sayfam\u0131z\u0131 ziyaret etmeyi unutmay\u0131n. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GNU\/Linux, i\u015fletim sistemlerinde terminal sistem y\u00f6netimi ve dosya i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131m\u0131zda en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan temel terminal komutlar\u0131n\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6rnek kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca GNU\/Linux dizin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak baz\u0131&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14656"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14668,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14656\/revisions\/14668"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}