{"id":683,"date":"2017-10-23T09:05:41","date_gmt":"2017-10-23T09:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.inetmar.com\/?p=683"},"modified":"2024-07-29T13:05:18","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T10:05:18","slug":"temel-linux-komutlari-kisayol-tuslari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/temel-linux-komutlari-kisayol-tuslari\/","title":{"rendered":"Temel Linux Komutlar\u0131 ve K\u0131sayol Tu\u015flar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Domain sorgulama<\/a> sistemi ile h\u0131zl\u0131, kolay ve g\u00fcvenilir \u015fekilde sorgulama yap\u0131n!<\/p>\n

Temel Linux Komutlar\u0131 ve K\u0131sayol Tu\u015flar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Linux kullanmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan temel komutlar\u0131 ve tu\u015flara atanm\u0131\u015f komutlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Bu komutlar\u0131n hepsi konsol dedi\u011fimiz metin ekrandan veya X-windows alt\u0131ndaki bir u\u00e7birimden (xterm, rxvt, aterm gibi) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Fakat tu\u015f komutlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 konsola \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr ve X alt\u0131nda pencere y\u00f6neticinize g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 hareket etmektedirler.<\/div>\n
Tu\u015flarla ilgili g\u00f6sterim ve anlam\u0131:
\n<Ctrl><F1>: Ctrl ve F1 tu\u015flar\u0131na birlikte bas\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/div>\n
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<Ctrl><Alt><Fn> (n=1,...,6)<\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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X oturumundan konsola ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fla birlikte alt\u0131 standart konsol a\u00e7ar. Bunlar tamamen birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131rlar ve e\u015fzamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Yani birinde bir i\u015flem yap\u0131lmaya devam ederken bir di\u011ferine ge\u00e7ip ba\u015fka bir i\u015fleme ba\u015flayabilirsiniz.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><Alt><F7><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Daha \u00f6nceden a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funuz sonra <Ctrl><Alt><F1> ile \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z X oturumuna geri d\u00f6ner. Burada \u00f6nemli nokta bunun alt\u0131 konsollu bir sistemde ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer sisteminizde d\u00f6rt konsol varsa b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle bu i\u015fin tu\u015fu\u00a0F7<\/tt>de\u011fil\u00a0F5<\/tt>\u00a0olacakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><Alt><Fn> (n=7,...,12)<\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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n<\/tt>\u00a0numaral\u0131 X oturumuna ge\u00e7er. Birden fazla X oturumu (sunucusu) a\u00e7mak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bunlar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilirsiniz.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Tab><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Bir u\u00e7birimde yazmakta oldu\u011funuz komutu tamamlar. Mesela\u00a0README<\/tt>\u00a0dosyas\u0131n\u0131 okutmak i\u00e7in\u00a0more RE<\/tt><\/b>\u00a0yaz\u0131p\u00a0TAB<\/tt>‘a basarsan\u0131z o anda bulundu\u011funu dizindeki\u00a0RE<\/tt>\u00a0ile ba\u015flayan dosyalar\u0131n listesini g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz, e\u011fer tek dosya varsa sat\u0131r tamamlan\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey komut isimleri i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir,\u00a0bas<\/tt><\/b>\u00a0yaz\u0131p\u00a0TAB<\/tt>‘a bast\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda hemen\u00a0basename<\/tt><\/b>\u00a0diye komutun tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. (Bu i\u015flem \u00e7ok say\u0131da komutla e\u015fle\u015fme durumunda baz\u0131 u\u00e7birimlerde iki defa\u00a0TAB<\/tt>\u00a0tu\u015funa basmay\u0131 gerektirebilir.)<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Yukar\u0131 ok>, <A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ok>, <PgUp>, <PgDn><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Daha \u00f6nceden girilmi\u015f komutlar aras\u0131nda gidip gelmenizi sa\u011flar. Bu komutlar\u0131\u00a0history<\/tt><\/b>\u00a0komutu ile listleyebilirsiniz.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Shift><PgUp>, <Shift><PgDn><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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U\u00e7birim \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kayd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar (ekrandan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan yaz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek vs.)<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><Alt><+>, <Ctrl><Alt><-><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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X oturumunda bir sonraki ekran \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ge\u00e7menizi sa\u011flar. Kipler\u00a0\/etc\/X11\/XF86Config<\/tt>\u00a0dosyas\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><Alt><BkSpc><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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X oturumunu sonland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><Alt><Del><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Konsoldaki\u00a0shutdown -r now<\/tt><\/b>\u00a0veya\u00a0reboot<\/tt><\/b>\u00a0komutu gibi davran\u0131r. Makinan\u0131n \u00fczerindeki s\u0131f\u0131rlama (Reset) tu\u015funa basmay\u0131p bunu tercih etmeniz gerekir, aksi takdirde ext2 gibi baz\u0131 dosya sistemleri sorun \u00e7\u0131karabilir.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><C><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Mevcut komutu durdur. Genelde konsoldaki basit komutlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><D><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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E\u011fer sizden girdi kabul eden bir konsol komutundaysan\u0131z dosya sonu (EOF) yollar, komut istemindeyseniz sistemden \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n\u0131z. O y\u00fczden iki defa basmay\u0131n<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><S><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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U\u00e7birime olan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 durdurur.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><Q><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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U\u00e7birime olan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fa devam eder.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Ctrl><Z><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan komutu arka alana g\u00f6nderir.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<ctrl><X><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Konsolda bir i\u015fe yaramaz ama Matrix’de nedense Neo kullan\u0131yordu. Neyse orada da bir i\u015fe yaramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, san\u0131r\u0131m Neo da Linux kullan\u0131yor<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<farenin orta tu\u015fu><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Genelde bir ba\u015fka pencerede se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir yaz\u0131y\u0131 yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya yarar. Burada dikkat edilecek nokta Linux alt\u0131nda kopyala\/yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r i\u015fleminin Windows’dan farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir yaz\u0131y\u0131 se\u00e7erseniz, o se\u00e7ili oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir olur (bir kez yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra defalarca yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir, yeni bir se\u00e7ime kadar tamponda kal\u0131r.). Yani bir kopyala emri vermeniz gerekmez, se\u00e7ip orta tu\u015fa basman\u0131z yeter, komut sat\u0131r\u0131na yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. Konsolda kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in\u00a0gpm<\/tt><\/b>\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
<Shift><Insert><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemini klavyeden yapar.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
~<\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ev dizinini g\u00f6sterir\u00a0\/home\/kullan\u0131c\u0131_ad\u0131<\/tt>\u00a0ile e\u015fanlaml\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0cd ~\/docs<\/tt><\/b>\u00a0komutu ev dizininizin alt\u0131nda\u00a0docs<\/tt>\u00a0dizinine gider. Sadece\u00a0cd<\/tt><\/b>\u00a0komutu ise\u00a0cd ~<\/tt><\/b>\u00a0komutuna e\u015fittir ve ev dizininize gider.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
.<\/span><\/span><\/tt> \u00a0Ya DA\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>.\/<\/span><\/span><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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O anda bulundu\u011funuz dizindeki bir beti\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken kullanmak i\u00e7indir.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
\/. <\/span><\/span><\/tt>\u00a0ya da\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Slashdot<\/span><\/span><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Internet’deki en sa\u011flam haber sitesine gider\u00a0.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
cd ..<\/span><\/span><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Bir \u00fcst dizine ge\u00e7er.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/span><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Sistemden \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
s\u0131f\u0131rlamak<\/span><\/span><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Konsol bir \u015fekilde sa\u00e7ma sapan karakterler bas\u0131yorsa (genelde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir bir dosyay\u0131 ekrana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda olur) d\u00fczeltmeye yarar.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n
tty<\/span><\/span><\/tt><\/span><\/dt>\n
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Bu komutu yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z u\u00e7birimin ayg\u0131t dosyas\u0131n\u0131n ismini verir.<\/div>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
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Domain sorgulama sistemi ile h\u0131zl\u0131, kolay ve g\u00fcvenilir \u015fekilde sorgulama yap\u0131n! Temel Linux Komutlar\u0131 ve K\u0131sayol Tu\u015flar\u0131 Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Linux kullanmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan temel komutlar\u0131 ve tu\u015flara atanm\u0131\u015f komutlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Bu komutlar\u0131n hepsi konsol...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=683"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9665,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions\/9665"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inetmar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}